Question 2

Question: Discuss different types of threats and malicious program (malware) that can damage a 

computer, mobile device or disrupt any system.

Search for information on current known malware program. Based on the information 

that you have found, create a table to list different types of malware, what it does, and 

how it can be repaired or removed.

Answers :

TYPES OF MALWARE	EFFECT ON THE SYSTEM	WAY TO REPAIR OR REMOVE
Adware	Its automatically delivers advertisement such as pop-up ads on websites and advertisements that displayed by software	-Install , run anti-malware and fire wall software -Keep software and operating systems up to date with current vulnerability patches -Be vigilant when downloading files , programs and attachments
Bot	Automatically perform specific operations such as video gaming ,online contests
Bug	Affect program behavior, also can allow attackers to bypass users authentication ,override access privileges or steal data
Ransomware	Restricts users access to the computer by encrypting files on hard drive or locking down the system and displaying message to force users to pay the malware creator to remove the restrictions and regain access to their computer
Rookit	Steal information , modify system configuration , install concealed malware or control the computer as part of a botnet
Spyware	Spying user activity without their knowledge by including monitoring. Collecting keystrokes and data harvesting
Trojan Horse	Give a malicious party remote access to infected computer
Virus	Copying itself and spreading to other computers also it can steal information , harm host computers networks and steal money
Worm	Cause harm to host networks by consuming bandwidth  and overloading web servers

Prepared by :

Amirah

Nurathirah

~ SCL 3 : OPERATING SYSTEM AND FILE MANAGEMENT ~

QUESTION 1

List down all the operating system used in a desktop/laptop today and find good descriptions of how operating systems work? Hence, state their advantages and disadvantages.

The operating system used in a desktop/laptop today are :-

ü  Windows by Microsoft

ü  Macintosh by Apple

ü  Android by Google

ü  UNIX

ü  Linux

An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. Every general-purpose computer must have an operating system to run other program . It manages the computer's memory, processes, and all of its software and hardware. It also allows us to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer's "language". Therefore, it is one of the most essential components as a computer will be useless without an operating system.

So I will explain briefly on how operating system works. First of all, once the operating system has started up, it manages all of the software and hardware on the computer. Since there are many different programs running at the same time, all of them need to access the computer's Central Processing Unit (CPU), memory, and storage. Hence, the computer's operating system coordinates the demands that the computer's software makes on its hardware, especially the central processing unit.

The operating system allows the application to begin running, suspending the execution only long enough to deal with interrupts and user input. Interrupts are special signals sent by hardware or software to the CPU. In order to give the appearance of lots of things happening at the same time, the operating system has to switch between different processes thousands of times per second. All of the information needed to keep track of a process when switching is kept in a data package called a process control block.

 Each piece of software running on the computer ideally would like to have the undivided attention of its hardware. Hence, it is the operating system's job to make sure that each application gets its fair share of the computer's finite resources in the most efficient way possible.  The operating system also provides a consistent set of rules for applications to use in order to be able to interface with your computer's hardware. The system's application program interface lets developers create software that will run on computers of the same type even if the hardware is different or open to change.

Windows

Advantages :-

v  User-friendly : Provides ready-made solutions that can be implemented by just about anyone who has ever used a computer.

v  Compatibility : Almost every application, driver or game will work on Windows.

v  Technical support : Software services are in large supply and because it has so many users, we can always find someone who can help us with Windows.

v  Function : When we get to know Windows well, we will find out that there are so many functions that we can do almost anything quite easily.

Disadvantages :-

v  Security : Poor security. Vulnerable to viruses. Over 95% of all viruses and malicious software are written for the Windows OS. Hence, we may need to buy an antivirus program, although free ones exist.

v  Speed : Slows down after running 24 hours. Windows, especially Vista and 7, requires a lot of computer resources (memory, processor, disk space), and thus, runs slower.

v  Price : It is a bit pricey for what we are getting.

Macintosh

Advantages :-

v  Security : Excellent security. Very few viruses are programmed for Mac OS. Hence, it seldom gets viruses.

v  Reliability : Mac is very stable as it runs only on Apple computers, and are thus less prone to hardware and software crashing.

v  Speed : Mac’s software is created by the same people who designed the computer and running system. Hence it runs smoother and faster.

v  Design : Macs are well designed computers. They are visually appealing with a "high-end" feel.

Disadvantages :-

v  Price : Overpriced. Apple computers simply cost much more than our average PC. The softwares can be pricey too.

v  Compatibility : Only a few programs will run on Mac, and almost all PC games do not work on this OS.

v  Availability : Only available on Apple computers. Hence, if we do not have Apple computers, we must buy a new one to install this OS.

v  Maintenance : Fixing Mac’s is rather difficult. The upgradeability is also limited.

Linux

Advantages :-

v  Price : Linux is free. We can download it, install it, use it and modify it without having to pay for anything.

v  Variety : It has many distributions (versions) that are designed to do specific tasks such as Ubuntu, Mint and Fedora.

v  Ease of use : Most versions of Linux are easy to update and install.

v  Security : Although it is more vulnerable to viruses than Mac, Linux still has very few viruses.

Disadvantages :-

v  Complicated : Although some distros are quite easy to use, most of them will require a good deal of computer knowledge in order to get them to work. Hence, it is difficult for beginners to use.

v  Compatibility : There are less computer hardware that is compatible with Linux. Linux has a small market share. Hence it does not have many programs and games and majority of our favorite programs will not run on it.

v  Standard : There is no one standard edition of Linux. In fact, there are hundreds of different user-developed editions. It can be challenging to figure out which one is best for us, and making that decision can be overwhelming for beginners.

Prepared by,

Nur Syamimi Yuan

Nur Elmilia

 Question 1

In your opinion, why people prefer open source software over proprietary alternatives nowadays?
Name top (fives) 5 most popular open source software and compare them with similar proprietary software (e.g. Open Office versus Microsoft Office).

PREPARED BY;

HIDAYATIKA

 AZRROYBON  

  

WHAT IS THE OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE  ??

Open source software is computer software that is distributed along with its source code under a special software license that is used to create the software at no cost to anyone.The license allows users to use, change and improve the software's source code, and to redistribute the software either before or after it has been modified. Open-source software is the most prominent example of open source development and often compared to user-generated content or open content movements. If you make any modifications to the source code, one of the conditions of open source is that you have to provide information to other developers about what has been changed, and how. The software that is created as a result of modifications to the source code may or may not be made available for free.

    In our opinion, people prefer open source software over proprietary alternatives because generally it has many benefits. First of all, open source offers in term of choice and freedom. As we know , people do not like being forced to do anything they do not want to do. They more to their own desires and make their own choice. Besides, the choice made also quite good. When developing software the goal is usually to create components that have high cohesion and low coupling. Well designed software enables you to react easily to change, and the lower the correlation between components, the easier it is to alter behavior. They also want the freedom to use a set of software components that match their specific needs, and not ones forced upon them because they coincidentally just happen to be the ones their operating system supports. Freedom also promoting in terms of replacing any of these components with better alternatives they wish. Furthermore, open source software is not about price. People prefer this kind of software because they can download it without payment. So, it will save the cost for the other demands in their life.

TYPE OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE	USES
Open office	Open office includes programs for word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, databases, and more.
GNU cash	This software, users can track income, expenses, bank accounts, and stocks. Other features include the monitoring of accounts payable, accounts receivable, and detailed reporting. Users can also import data from programs such as Microsoft Money and Quicken and can export data to spreadsheets such as Microsoft Excel.
GIMP	This open source is being substitute for Photoshop but not as comprehensive as the Adobe product. It does allow users to produce simple Web graphics, modify product photos, and create flyers and other marketing materials. GIMP’s interface is very similar to Photoshop’s interface and all the images created can be saved in a variety of formats.
Zimbra	Zimbra is a free collaboration suite that serves as a high-level email program. It provides email, calendar, document storing and editing, instant messaging, and easy-to-use administrative controls. The open source edition of Zimbra also integrates with other email clients such as Outlook and Apple Mail.
Linux	Linux can do many things that windows can do which it can running a GUI and a desktop environment such as KDE or GNOME. Most of the primary apps that people require when they move to Linux are already available for free.